Questões de Inglês - Interpretação de texto
ABSTRACT
This research attempts to apprehend the symbolic universe of racist, revisionist and neonazi pages in the Internet. The aim of the investigation is to understand what kind of relationship is built between the digital space and the defense of the idea of an “Aryan race”. This is done by means of ethnographic observation of practices and discursive representations posted at sites, forums, communities, chats and discussion lists. I focus on those symbolics aspects that highlight best the interface between digital space and racism, by means of both empirical research and theoretical exercise. From this vantage point, some features of the identitary construction developed by racists for themselves and for others were made visible, namely, the genomic and mythic marks of their discourse, the redefinition of the frontiers between digital world and reality, and the “Aryan” political struggle in the WEB. The main argument resulting from this research is that the neonazism interprets symbolically the contemporary world by articulating myths, narratives e rituals. Along this process, a specific way of identity is manifested: the “teutonicism”.
Keywords: Anthropology. Ethnography. Struturalism. Identity. Neo-nazism. Cyberspace.
(Adaptado de DIAS, A.A.M.. Anacronautas do teutonismo virtual: uma etnografia do neonazismo na Internet. Dissertação (Mestrado em Antropologia Social), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 2007.)
O texto ABSTRACT é uma adaptação do resumo da dissertação de mestrado da pesquisadora recentemente falecida, Adriana Dias, da Unicamp, reconhecida como maior especialista brasileira em neonazismo praticado na Internet .
Qual das afirmações abaixo explicaria corretamente a razão pela qual Adriana utilizou aspas em palavras específicas do texto (realçadas em negrito)?
INSTRUÇÃO: Leia, atentamente, o fragmento a seguir, para responder à questão.
What is an echo chamber?
Information can come from many different sources and perspectives. But when you’re only hearing the same perspectives and opinions over and over again, you may be in something called an echo chamber.
An echo chamber is an environment where a person only encounters information or opinions that reflect and reinforce their own. Echo chambers can create misinformation and distort a person’s perspective so they have difficulty considering opposing viewpoints and discussing complicated topics. They’re fueled in part by confirmation bias, which is the tendency to favor info that reinforces existing beliefs.
Disponível em: https://edu.gcfglobal.org/en/digital-media-literacy/what-is-an-echo-chamber/1/. Acesso em: 24 set. 2023. Adaptado.
Com o surgimento das redes sociais, as pessoas têm cada vez mais o acesso às mais diversas opiniões e ideologias, assim como a possibilidade de compartilhar suas próprias experiências de vida. A câmara de eco é um fenômeno comumente observado nesse contexto.
Com base no texto, é CORRETO afirmar que, na câmara de eco, as pessoas
Texto para a questão.
When one of the most important e-mail messages of his life landed in his in-box a few years ago, Kord Campbell overlooked it.
By
MATT RICHTEL
SAN FRANCISCO — When one of the most important e-mail messages of his life landed in his in-box a few years ago, Kord Campbell overlooked it.
Not just for a day or two, but 12 days. He finally saw it while sifting through old messages: A big company wanted to buy his Internet start-up.
The message had slipped by him amid an electronic flood: two computer screens alive with e-mail, instant messages, online chats, a Web browser and the computer code he was writing.
While he managed to salvage the $1.3 million deal after apologizing to his suitor, Campbell continues to struggle with the effects of the deluge of data. Even after he unplugs, he craves the stimulation he gets from his electronic gadgets. He forgets things like dinner plans, and he has trouble focusing on his family.
His wife, Brenda, complains, “It seems like he can no longer be fully in the moment.” This is your brain on computers.
Disponível em: https://www.seattletimes.com/. Acesso em: 14 ago. 2023. (Adaptado).
O motivo de Kord Campbell não ter visto o e-mail de grande importância foi por causa
Vinicius Jr case opens wider racism debate in Spain
Insults aimed at Real Madrid soccer player Vinicius Jr have triggered a fierce debate about racism in sport and whether Spanish society has a problem with the issue.
Spanish police have arrested three people in connection with racist abuse directed at Vinicius Jr, who confronted fans of Valencia football club in the Mestalla stadium who he accused of directing monkey chants at him. After the match, the Brazilian international said the Spanish football league “belongs to racists”. […]
Disponível em: https//: bbc.com. Acesso em: 16 nov. 2023.
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Leia o texto para responder à questão.
Giordano Cipriani / Getty Images
Discoveries of aquifers — underground earth formations that hold water — often create excitement around their ability to ease water scarcity in a region. The United States recently announced the discovery of five aquifers in Niger, one of Africa’s most water scarce countries, containing over 600 billion cubic metres of water. To put it into perspective, Egypt’s current water demand is 114 billion cubic metres of water per year.
These are welcome announcements. Due to a changing climate and the increasing demands of a growing population, many of Africa’s surface water resources — such as dams and rivers — are facing serious risks. They’re being overused and slowly decreasing.
Alternative water sources, like aquifers, need to be explored. They are highly prevalent across the African continent, but they’re not always going to help address water scarcity. For instance, early research findings deemed Kenya’s Turkana aquifer water unfit for use due to high salinity. It’s important to bear these challenges in mind so that expectations can be managed. It is also useful for planners and governments, as they need to think of other ways around the water scarcity problem.
(Gaathier Mahed. https://theconversation.com, 21.03.2023. Adaptado.)
A frase do texto que expressa ideia de causa é:
ABSTRACT
This research attempts to apprehend the symbolic universe of racist, revisionist and neonazi pages in the Internet. The aim of the investigation is to understand what kind of relationship is built between the digital space and the defense of the idea of an “Aryan race”. This is done by means of ethnographic observation of practices and discursive representations posted at sites, forums, communities, chats and discussion lists. I focus on those symbolics aspects that highlight best the interface between digital space and racism, by means of both empirical research and theoretical exercise. From this vantage point, some features of the identitary construction developed by racists for themselves and for others were made visible, namely, the genomic and mythic marks of their discourse, the redefinition of the frontiers between digital world and reality, and the “Aryan” political struggle in the WEB. The main argument resulting from this research is that the neonazism interprets symbolically the contemporary world by articulating myths, narratives e rituals. Along this process, a specific way of identity is manifested: the “teutonicism”.
Keywords: Anthropology. Ethnography. Struturalism. Identity. Neo-nazism. Cyberspace.
(Adaptado de DIAS, A.A.M.. Anacronautas do teutonismo virtual: uma etnografia do neonazismo na Internet. Dissertação (Mestrado em Antropologia Social), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 2007.)
O texto ABSTRACT é uma adaptação do resumo da dissertação de mestrado da pesquisadora recentemente falecida, Adriana Dias, da Unicamp, reconhecida como maior especialista brasileira em neonazismo praticado na Internet.
Qual das afirmações abaixo explicaria corretamente a razão pela qual Adriana utilizou aspas em palavras específicas do texto (realçadas em negrito)?