Leia a propaganda a seguir e responda à questão.
Assinale a alternativa que apresenta, corretamente, o principal objetivo do texto.
Leia o texto a seguir e responda à questão.
“Nobody, but nobody, is going to stop breathing on me.”
Today is the birthday of Dr. Virginia Apgar, who has helped make many, many, many birthdays possible. The pioneering doctor lived from June 7, 1909, to August 7, 1974, and is the subject of today’s Google Doodle. You can’t really go through medical school without knowing Apgar’s name, at least her last name. Here’s why
In 1952, Dr. Apgar unveiled the Apgar score. Besides being her last name, Apgar stands for the following five domains “Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration” of the score. Basically 1 minute and 5 minutes after a baby is born, doctors, nurses, and midwives will score the baby from 0 to 2 (with 2 being the best) for each of these domains.
You then sum the 5 domain scores to get a sense of the baby’s overall health. If you do the math, you will see that the total score can range from a 0 to a 10 with a higher score being better. A baby rarely scores a 10, because most babies have at least blue hands and feet when they are born (hey, life ain’t easy and not everyone is the best at everything). A score of 7 or higher is normal. Lower than 7 merits immediate medical attention such as potentially oxygen, clearing out the airway, or physical stimulation to get the heart beating faster. Time may be all that the baby needs, since low scores at 1 minute frequently become normal at 5 minutes. Sometimes a doctor, nurse, or midwife may check an Apgar score 10 minutes after birth if any questions remain.
Of course, an Apgar score is only an immediate assessment and usually does not forecast either good or bad health in the future. So putting your good Apgar score on your resume will impress no one. A high Apgar score doesn’t necessarily mean that everything will be beer and candies from thereon. Similarly babies with low initial Apgar scores can go on to have very healthy lives.
While it may seem routine now, using a standardized way to check a baby’s health was not standard practice before Dr. Apgar invented the score. Newborn care was a lot more haphazard, making survival among infants, especially those born prematurely, more challenging.
It was an accomplishment for Dr. Apgar even to get to a position to make such an important invention. Back when she graduated from Mount Holyoke College in 1929 and then from the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1933, the “Apgar” score for the medical careers of women and minorities was very, very low. Very few were even allowed into medical school, let alone progress in their careers afterwards. But Dr. Apgar was a persistent pioneer, eventually becoming the first woman to achieve the rank of full professor at her medical university in 1949. Things aren’t smooth sailing for women and minorities today in medical and academic careers. But you can thank Dr. Apgar for at least making some initial inroads.
Therefore, if you entered this world after the 1950’s (and assuming that you were born rather than spontaneously generated), you can use Dr. Apgar’s birthday to thank Dr. Apgar for people checking you on your birthday.
(Adaptado de: LEE, B. Y. How Today’s Google Doodle, Dr. Virginia Apgar, Made A Big Difference In: Forbes (online) Pharma and Healthcare. 7 jun. 2018. Disponível em: Acesso em: 18 ago. 2018.)
Sobre os aspectos linguísticos do texto, considere as afirmativas a seguir.
I. Em “and assuming that you were born rather than spontaneously generated”, o termo grifado pode ser substituído, sem alteração de sentido, por “somewhat”.
II. O termo grifado em “Things aren’t smooth sailing” está sendo usado em sentido figurado.
III. Em “let alone progress in their careers afterwards”, a expressão grifada tem a função de enfatizar a improbabilidade da situação.
IV. Na frase “hey, life ain’t easy”, o termo grifado tem a função de simular a linguagem oral e acrescentar humor ao texto.
Assinale a alternativa correta.
Leia o texto a seguir e responda à questão.
“Nobody, but nobody, is going to stop breathing on me.”
Today is the birthday of Dr. Virginia Apgar, who has helped make many, many, many birthdays possible. The pioneering doctor lived from June 7, 1909, to August 7, 1974, and is the subject of today’s Google Doodle. You can’t really go through medical school without knowing Apgar’s name, at least her last name. Here’s why
In 1952, Dr. Apgar unveiled the Apgar score. Besides being her last name, Apgar stands for the following five domains “Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration” of the score. Basically 1 minute and 5 minutes after a baby is born, doctors, nurses, and midwives will score the baby from 0 to 2 (with 2 being the best) for each of these domains.
You then sum the 5 domain scores to get a sense of the baby’s overall health. If you do the math, you will see that the total score can range from a 0 to a 10 with a higher score being better. A baby rarely scores a 10, because most babies have at least blue hands and feet when they are born (hey, life ain’t easy and not everyone is the best at everything). A score of 7 or higher is normal. Lower than 7 merits immediate medical attention such as potentially oxygen, clearing out the airway, or physical stimulation to get the heart beating faster. Time may be all that the baby needs, since low scores at 1 minute frequently become normal at 5 minutes. Sometimes a doctor, nurse, or midwife may check an Apgar score 10 minutes after birth if any questions remain.
Of course, an Apgar score is only an immediate assessment and usually does not forecast either good or bad health in the future. So putting your good Apgar score on your resume will impress no one. A high Apgar score doesn’t necessarily mean that everything will be beer and candies from thereon. Similarly babies with low initial Apgar scores can go on to have very healthy lives.
While it may seem routine now, using a standardized way to check a baby’s health was not standard practice before Dr. Apgar invented the score. Newborn care was a lot more haphazard, making survival among infants, especially those born prematurely, more challenging.
It was an accomplishment for Dr. Apgar even to get to a position to make such an important invention. Back when she graduated from Mount Holyoke College in 1929 and then from the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1933, the “Apgar” score for the medical careers of women and minorities was very, very low. Very few were even allowed into medical school, let alone progress in their careers afterwards. But Dr. Apgar was a persistent pioneer, eventually becoming the first woman to achieve the rank of full professor at her medical university in 1949. Things aren’t smooth sailing for women and minorities today in medical and academic careers. But you can thank Dr. Apgar for at least making some initial inroads.
Therefore, if you entered this world after the 1950’s (and assuming that you were born rather than spontaneously generated), you can use Dr. Apgar’s birthday to thank Dr. Apgar for people checking you on your birthday.
(Adaptado de: LEE, B. Y. How Today’s Google Doodle, Dr. Virginia Apgar, Made A Big Difference In: Forbes (online) Pharma and Healthcare. 7 jun. 2018. Disponível em: Acesso em: 18 ago. 2018.)
Em relação às informações presentes no texto, considere as afirmativas a seguir.
I. O teste de Apgar foi desenvolvido durante o período de residência médica na Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, mas só foi divulgado décadas depois.
II. Originalmente, Apgar havia idealizado um teste para medir a progressão de mulheres e outras minorias na carreira médica.
III. Apgar foi a primeira mulher a conquistar a posição de professora titular na universidade onde se graduou.
IV. O nome do teste de Apgar também é um acrônimo para os parâmetros a serem verificados pelo médico durante o exame.
Assinale a alternativa correta.
Leia o texto a seguir e responda à questão.
“Nobody, but nobody, is going to stop breathing on me.”
Today is the birthday of Dr. Virginia Apgar, who has helped make many, many, many birthdays possible. The pioneering doctor lived from June 7, 1909, to August 7, 1974, and is the subject of today’s Google Doodle. You can’t really go through medical school without knowing Apgar’s name, at least her last name. Here’s why
In 1952, Dr. Apgar unveiled the Apgar score. Besides being her last name, Apgar stands for the following five domains “Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration” of the score. Basically 1 minute and 5 minutes after a baby is born, doctors, nurses, and midwives will score the baby from 0 to 2 (with 2 being the best) for each of these domains.
You then sum the 5 domain scores to get a sense of the baby’s overall health. If you do the math, you will see that the total score can range from a 0 to a 10 with a higher score being better. A baby rarely scores a 10, because most babies have at least blue hands and feet when they are born (hey, life ain’t easy and not everyone is the best at everything). A score of 7 or higher is normal. Lower than 7 merits immediate medical attention such as potentially oxygen, clearing out the airway, or physical stimulation to get the heart beating faster. Time may be all that the baby needs, since low scores at 1 minute frequently become normal at 5 minutes. Sometimes a doctor, nurse, or midwife may check an Apgar score 10 minutes after birth if any questions remain.
Of course, an Apgar score is only an immediate assessment and usually does not forecast either good or bad health in the future. So putting your good Apgar score on your resume will impress no one. A high Apgar score doesn’t necessarily mean that everything will be beer and candies from thereon. Similarly babies with low initial Apgar scores can go on to have very healthy lives.
While it may seem routine now, using a standardized way to check a baby’s health was not standard practice before Dr. Apgar invented the score. Newborn care was a lot more haphazard, making survival among infants, especially those born prematurely, more challenging.
It was an accomplishment for Dr. Apgar even to get to a position to make such an important invention. Back when she graduated from Mount Holyoke College in 1929 and then from the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1933, the “Apgar” score for the medical careers of women and minorities was very, very low. Very few were even allowed into medical school, let alone progress in their careers afterwards. But Dr. Apgar was a persistent pioneer, eventually becoming the first woman to achieve the rank of full professor at her medical university in 1949. Things aren’t smooth sailing for women and minorities today in medical and academic careers. But you can thank Dr. Apgar for at least making some initial inroads.
Therefore, if you entered this world after the 1950’s (and assuming that you were born rather than spontaneously generated), you can use Dr. Apgar’s birthday to thank Dr. Apgar for people checking you on your birthday.
(Adaptado de: LEE, B. Y. How Today’s Google Doodle, Dr. Virginia Apgar, Made A Big Difference In: Forbes (online) Pharma and Healthcare. 7 jun. 2018. Disponível em: Acesso em: 18 ago. 2018.)
Em relação ao Teste de Apgar, assinale a alternativa correta.
Leia a propaganda a seguir e responda à questão.
Na frase “Which would you rather have, a cholesterol test or a final exam?”, a expressão sublinhada pode ser substituída, sem prejuízo do significado, por
Leia a entrevista a seguir e responda à questão.
Vaccines and the Anti-Vaccination Movement: An Interview with Dr. Paul Offit
Lindsay Beyerstein
Dr. Paul Offit, director of the Vaccine Education Center and chief of the Division of Infectious Diseases at Children’s Hospital in Philadelphia
Beyerstein: What is herd immunity, and what kind of vaccination rate do we need to sustain to keep herd immunity strong for measles?
Offit: Herd immunity just means that enough people are vaccinated in the population so that the virus or the bacteria has a lot of trouble spreading from one person to the next because so many people are vaccinated. In terms of the level of herd immunity that’s necessary, it depends on the nature and contagiousness of the virus or bacteria you’re trying to prevent. For these highly contagious viruses like measles, mumps, or chicken pox, you really need to have between 92 and 94 percent of the population immunized in order to prevent that spread.
For diseases that are less contagious, you don’t need as high of a percentage because what happens is that when herd immunity starts to fade, you see exactly what you’re seeing now—which is the most contagious diseases come back first: measles, mumps, whooping cough. It’s just what you would expect.
Beyerstein: Many of the anti-vaccination parents are well educated and affluent. Why do you think that they’re such fertile ground for these crazy ideas?
Offit: I think they don’t fear the disease. I think it’s that simple. I think in Southern California, you’re living this wealthy, upper middle class, upper-class environment. You’re eating well, you’re exercising. You don’t see this disease so you think this is not going to happen to me, until it happens to you. That’s the way it always works with these diseases.
Beyerstein: There is this group that you’ve identified as the vaccine hesitant parents, and you said that they have a big role to play in improving public health outcomes for vaccinations. Who are they and what can we do to get them on our side?
Offit: Most people, there’s just an anti-vaccine sentiment. They don’t see the disease; they’re not scared of the disease; they’ve read scary stuff on the Internet. They’re not sure what they should do. I think those people are, for the most part, convincible. I think we just have to be a little more compelling in the way we try and convince them.
Beyerstein: Are people more friendly toward, say, polio vaccinations because they know that polio means paralysis? I get the sense that people are less likely to want to refuse that ththem on our side?an a measles vaccine or a diphtheria vaccine, or pertussis, that they don’t even know what the disease really is.
Offit: It’s interesting, isn’t it? People are hesitant to get an HPV vaccine, human papilloma virus vaccine, to prevent a disease that causes twenty-five thousand cases of cancer, four thousand deaths a year. Yet, they’re happy to get a polio vaccine. We haven’t had a case of polio in the United States since 1979. You’re right. I think we’re not very good at judging risk.
Beyerstein: There was an opinion editorial in USA Today recently that was arguing that parents who refuse to vaaccinate for mandatory vaccines should be jailed. Do you think that is acceptable or necessary?
Offit: No, I think that goes too far. We have three ways that you can choose not to get a vaccine in this country and one is a medical exemption. I think that’s fine. I think this so-called personal belief exemption is nonsensical. Vaccines aren’t a belief system. They’re an evidence-based system. There’s abundant evidence that shows they are what they claim to be.
(Adaptado de: BEYERSTEIN, L. Vaccines and the Anti-Vaccination Movement: An Interview with Dr. Paul Offit, Skeptical Inquirer (online) Volume 39.3, Maio/Jun.2015. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 5 jun. 2018.)
Com base na entrevista, assinale a alternativa correta.