Questões de Inglês - Grammar - Adverbs - Position
Leia o texto para responder às questão.
One of the main points of the advancement of science is being guided by the human curiosity, uncompromised with concrete results and free from any kind of tutelage or guidance. Scientific production driven simply by this curiosity has been able to open new frontiers of knowledge, to make us wiser and, in the long run, to generate value and more quality of life for human beings.
By its methods and instruments, science allows us to analyze the world around us and see beyond what the eyes can see. The scientific and technological enterprise of the human being throughout its history is, undoubtedly, the main responsible for everything that humanity had just built up. His achievements are present since the domain of fire to the immense potential derived from modern science of information, passing by the animals’ domestication, the rise of modern agriculture and industry and, of course, by the spectacular improvement in the quality of life of all humanity in the last century.
In addition to human curiosity, another very important way of scientific advancement is the solution of problems that afflict humanity. Living longer and healthier, working less and having more available time for leisure, reducing the distances that separate us from other human beings - whether through more communication channels or better means of transport - are some of the challenges and human aspirations to which, for centuries, the science and technology have contributed.
A person born in the late 18th Century, he/she would most likely die before reaching the age of 40. Someone born today in a developed country is expected to live more than 80 years and, although inequality is high, even in the poorest countries anywhere in sub-Saharan Africa, life expectancy today is more than 50 years. Science and technology are the key factors in explaining the reduction in mortality from various diseases, such as infectious diseases, for example, and the consequent increase in human longevity.
Texto Adaptado. Disponível em: https://www.ipea.gov.br/cts/pt/central-deconteudo/artigos/artigos/116-a-ciencia-e-a-tecnologiacomo-estrategia-de-desenvolvimento. Acesso em: 15 dez. 2020.
Leia as seguintes frases: “A person born in the late 18th Century, he/she would most likely die before reaching the age of 40. Someone born today in a developed country is expected to live more than 80 years and, although inequality is high, even in the poorest countries anywhere in sub-Saharan Africa, life expectancy today is more than 50 years. Science and technology are the key factors in explaining the reduction in mortality from various diseases, such as infectious diseases”.
Assinale a alternativa que expressa corretamente o que as palavras destacadas são, respectivamente.
Read the text to answer question.
We are at the beginning of a long road to rethinking and rebuilding supply chain models to encompass not just financial priorities but also business operations continuity in the most trying of circumstances. Executives from France and Italy, for example, are discussing ways to remake their businesses in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic. Their specialty is supply chains. They are smart people at the core of the world’s most sophisticated and valuable systems of manufacture, shipment, and inventory, and yet many of their supply systems staggered in the past few months – the byproduct of reliance on old business models.
(Antonio Gulli. www.forbes.com, 28.07.2020. Adapted.)
In the fragment “and yet many of their supply systems staggered in the past few months”, the underlined word introduces a
A questão se refere ao texto a seguir:
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is going to play an enormous role in our lives and in the global economy. It is the key to
self-driving cars, the Amazon Alexa in your home, autonomous trading desks on Wall Street, innovation in medicine,
and cyberwar defenses.
Technology is rarely good nor evil — it’s all in how humans use it. AI could do an enormous amount of good and
[5] solve some of the world’s hardest problems, but that same power could be turned against us. AI could be set up to inflict
bias based on race or beliefs, invade our privacy, learn about and exploit our personal weaknesses — and do a lot of
nefarious things we can’t yet foresee.
Which means that our policymakers must understand and help guide AI so it benefits society. […] We don’t
want overreaching regulation that goes beyond keeping us safe and ends up stifling innovation. Regulators helped make
[10] it so difficult to develop atomic energy, today the U.S. gets only 20% of its electricity from nuclear power. So, while we
need a Federal Artificial Intelligence Agency, or FAIA, I would prefer to see it created as a public-private partnership.
Washington should bring in AI experts from the tech industry to a federal agency designed to understand and direct AI
and to inform lawmakers. Perhaps the AI experts would rotate through Washington on a kind of public service tour of
duty.
[15] Importantly, we’re at the beginning of a new era in government — one where governance is software-defined.
The nature of AI and algorithms means we need to develop a new kind of agency — one that includes both humans and
software. The software will help monitor algorithms. Existing, old-school regulations that rely on manual enforcement are
too cumbersome to keep up with technology and too “dumb” to monitor algorithms in a timely way.
Software-defined regulation can monitor software-driven industries better than regulations enforced by squads of
[20] regulators. Algorithms can continuously watch emerging utilities such as Facebook, looking for details and patterns that
humans might never catch, but nonetheless signal abuses. If Congress wants to make sure Facebook doesn’t exploit
political biases, it could direct the FAIA to write an algorithm to look for the behavior.
It’s just as important to have algorithms that keep an eye on the role of humans inside these companies. We
want technology that can tell if Airbnb hosts are illegally turning down minorities or if Facebook’s human editors
[25] are squashing conservative news headlines.
The watchdog algorithms can be like open-source software — open to examination by anyone, while the
companies keep private proprietary algorithms and data. If the algorithms are public, anyone can run various datasets
against them and analyze for “off the rails” behaviors and unexpected results.
Clearly, AI needs some governance. As Facebook is proving, we can’t rely on companies to monitor and regulate
[30] themselves. Public companies, especially, are incentivized to make the biggest profits possible, and their algorithms will
optimize for financial goals, not societal goals. But as a tech investor, I don’t want to see an ill-informed Congress set up
regulatory schemes for social networks, search and other key services that then make our dynamic tech companies as
dull and bureaucratic as electric companies. […] Technology companies and policymakers need to come together soon
and share ideas about AI governance and the establishment of a software-driven AI agency. [...]
[35] Let’s do this before bad regulations get enacted — and before AI gets away from us and does more damage. We
have a chance right now to tee up AI so it does tremendous good. To unleash it in a positive direction, we need to get
the checks and balances in place right now
Adaptado de
Observe o uso da palavra ‘so’ nas frases abaixo.
I. […] and help guide AI so it benefits society […] (linha 8)
II. Regulators helped make it so difficult to develop […] (linha 9 e 10)
III. so, while we need a Federal Artificial Intelligence Agency, or FAIA […] (linha 10 e 11)
Assinale a alternativa que explica respectivamente, o uso de ‘so’.
Which option completes the text below correctly?
School is exhausting! I'm so tired! I cant keep up all the readings and assignments. It's too much work! But I won't drop . I need this degree. I don't want to put my dreams any longer. I need to have the money to carry them as soon as possible, but I'm really looking forward the spring break. I need to rest a little.
Read the text below. Fill in the blanks with the right conjunctions.
In today's world, (I) _________ just about everything is more convenient and accessible due to advances in technology across almost all sectors, it may seem (II)_________ it's a misnomer to even mention any disadvantages of technological advances. (III) __________, despite how far technology has taken humans and no matter (IV) ______ convenient it may make things, there are some disadvantages accompanying this level of access.
Technology advances show people a more efficient way to do things, and these processes get results. For example, education has been greatly advanced by the technological advances of computers. Students are able to learn on a global scale without ever leaving their classrooms. Agricultural processes (V)_______ once required dozens upon dozens of human workers can now be automated, thanks to advances in technology, which means cost-efficiency for farmers. Medical discoveries occur at a much more rapid rate, thanks to machines and computers that aid in the research process and allow for more intense educational research into medical matters.
Cost efficiency is an advantage in some ways and a disadvantage in others. (VI) _______ technology improves on existing processes and showcases new ways to accomplish tasks, machines are able to produce the same -- if not more -- output (VII) _______ humans in certain industries. This results in cost savings for business owners, allowing them to invest in growth in other areas of the business, (VIII) _________ contributes on a positive level to the economy as a whole.
Available at: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-disadvantages-technology-advances-12579.html..
Mark the correct alternative.
........ September 11, 2001, at 8:46 A.M., a
hijacked airliner crashed into the north tower
of the World Trade Center in New York. At
9:03 A.M. a second plane crashed into the
[5] south tower. The resulting infernos caused
the buildings to collapse, the south tower
after burning for an hour and two minutes, the
north tower twenty-three minutes after
that. The attacks were masterminded by
[10] Osama bin Laden in an attempt to intimidate
the United States and unite Muslims for a
restoration of the caliphate.
9/11, as the happenings of that day are now
called, has set off debates on a vast array of
[15] topics. But I would like to explore a lesser-
known debate triggered by it. Exactly how
many events took place in New York on that
morning ........ September?
It could be argued that the answer is one.
[20] The attacks on the two buildings were part of
a single plan conceived by one man in service
of a single agenda. They unfolded ........ a few
minutes and yards of each other, targeting
the parts of a complex with a single name,
[25] design, and owner. And they launched a
single chain of military and political events in
their aftermath.
Or it could be argued that the answer is two.
The towers were distinct collections of glass
[30] and steel separated by an expanse of space,
and they were hit at different times and went
out of existence at different times. The
amateur video that showed the second plane
closing in on the south tower as the north
[35] tower billowed with smoke makes the twoness
unmistakable: while one event was frozen in
the past, the other loomed in the future.
The gravity of 9/11 would seem to make this
discussion frivolous to the point of impudence,
[40] a matter of mere "semantics," as we say, with
its implication of splitting hairs. But the
relation of language to our inner and outer
worlds is a matter of intellectual fascination
and real-world importance.
[45] ______ "importance" is often hard to
quantify, ........ this case I can put an exact
value on it: 3,5 billion dollars. That was the
sum in a legal dispute for the insurance
payout to Larry Silverstein, the leaseholder of
[50] the World Trade Center site. Silverstein’s
insurance policies stipulated a maximum
reimbursement for each destructive "event."
If 9/11 comprised a single event, he stood to
receive 3,5 billion dollars; if two, he stood to
[55] receive 7 billion. In the trials, the attorneys
disputed the applicable meaning of the term
event. The lawyers for the leaseholder defined
it in physical terms (two collapses); those for
the insurance companies defined it in mental
[60] terms (one plot). There is nothing "mere"
about semantics!
Adapted from: PINKER, Steven. The Stuff of Thought. New York: Penguin, 2007. p. 1-2.
Select the alternative that adequately fills in the gap in line 45.
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