Questões de Inglês - Reading/Writing - Experience report
Read the article and answer the questions.
Real-Life stories – why I chose medicine
We asked several medical students why they chose to study medicine and to give some advice to those considering it as a career choice.
Read their stories below
"A career in medicine has always been at the forefront of my mind, I may not have got there in the orthodox way by leaving school and heading straight to medical school, but finally I am there!
After school I went to university to study biology at both BSc and MSc level. I was not the kind of student at my school that was deemed academically good enough to study medicine. I enjoyed the degree but knew a career in biological research was not for me, and on completion of my thesis I started a job with a pharmaceutical company as a sales representative. I enjoyed my job, it was straightforward, social and well-paid, it was a role I was able to fill well, but it was not in any way what I saw myself doing for the rest of my working life. After much debate and advice, I had nothing to lose in making a massive effort to get into medical school. The only job I knew that I wanted to do was medicine. I secured a place on an Access to Medicine course, which got me back up to speed and into the swing of studying again, and from there I secured a place at medical school. Getting the acceptance letter was a very emotional and life-changing day. One I will never forget.
Studying medicine is a privilege, to me medicine is the ultimate career. What other career can you chose which provides constant mental stimulation, a continuous opportunity to learn and progress, flexible working and a decent salary. But most importantly, a career in medicine empowers you to help people, to be respected by others and to feel job satisfaction in a way that is impossible to feel in many other careers. The opportunities are endless, and the choice vast, however along with this comes huge responsibility to individual patients, the population as a whole and the team in which you are working. In addition, the NHS may receive a great deal of press about its status, but at a time where many people are being made redundant, doctors are still in the same demand. I had to put a great deal of thought into the viability of studying medicine at the age of 27, although jobs are not guaranteed they are still readily available." (Kate, Brighton)
"Why medicine? I'm a geek; I love science, and I love challenges. I also really enjoy working with and understanding people. I chose medicine because it offered me the opportunity to integrate these interests and apply them in a very practical profession. From examining patients to phlebotomy to suturing, it's not just about memorizing information, medicine is very much about applied skills. I'm now in my fourth year and I find it hugely rewarding to put together all the pieces of the puzzle- the history elicited with good communication skills, the knowledge of human biology and the findings from examination and investigations to suggest a diagnosis and be told it was the right one! Medicine is my second degree and the decision to stay a student for another 5 years when my friends were all in gainful employment wasn't an easy one. But it was the right one for me." (Catherine, Aberdeen)
Available at: https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/doctors/why-study-medicine/why-i-chose-medicine Accessed: September 7, 2023.
According to Catherine, one of the hard things about studying medicine is that the people she knows are
Read the text below and answer question.
A woman suffering from a rare blood condition is on a quest to find her estranged biological father, who may enable her to get a potentially life-saving transplant if he donates his bone marrow.
Sarah Langdale, 32, was diagnosed with severe anemia when she was two.
This disease occurs when the body stops producing new enough blood cells. Patients with the condition are often fatigued and more prone to infections, as well as uncontrolled bleeding.
“I’m having blood transfusions every three weeks. I eventually started to lose my color and energy and I can´t do anything” Langdale told local news outlet Northampton Chronicle and Echo. Doctors have told her that she urgently needs a bone marrow transplant before her condition worsens.
“I really need my Dad to come forward, I’ve been looking hard for him. I`ll die without a transplant and I hope I can find a better match with him or my half-siblings. And I´m relying on someone seeing my story and coming forward with information. I can only live in hope.
(adapted from Woman Hopes Father She´s Never Met will Save her Life By Aristos Georgiou on 11.3,21 in NEWSWEEK)
From the passage as a whole we apprehend that Sarah Langdale
Student on Homesickness
When the homesickness hits, I usually get lazy and tired and just feel like going home and sleeping. I miss the safety of my family and the comfort of home, but most of all I miss my mother and just being able to talk to her whenever I want.
The homesickness usually hits when I feel out of place, or when I hear a song, or see something that reminds me of them. Usually, when I Skype them, it makes me feel worse because I can see them and talk to them, but I can't be with them.
Lara Wyatt, 20, Boston.
Disponível em: www.bbc.co.uk. Acesso em: 25 set. 2013.
O texto descreve uma situação muito comum entre as pessoas que passam a viver fora de sua cidade.
Considerando as palavras homesickness, family e comfort, o depoimento da estudante Lara Wyatt ressalta
TIME 100 ICONS
Malala Yousafzai
By Mezon Almellehan
April 16, 2015
Champion of education
I’M 16 years old and from Dara’a in Syria. I fled to Jordan with my Family two years ago.
Spending time with Malala Yousafzai made me stronger. I didn’t know her before meeting her in Za’atari camp last year, but I understand she suffered, and yet continues to fight for what she believes in – for rights of children and for their education. She is an inspiration for me.
When it comes to continuing our education as refugees, I am on the front lines with my friends, speaking to other girls throughout the camp on the importance of going to school. My mother and father are always encouraging me. I saw this in Malala too, and her close relationship with her mother and father.
I’ve always loved learning and education, but since I fled with my Family, these views have grown stronger. I have seen too much wrong to not use my voice. Malala has shown that education is crucial for laying a foundation for girls and boys to have secure lives.
I know no matter what I go through today, it will make me a stronger person for tomorrow. Rather than giving up, my friends and I will continue to think positively and try to make our community better. Girls need to learn to take care of themselves, because if they don’t, nobody will. Our lives are completely diferente now – we’ve gone from living in homes to surviving in tents in refugees camps. Education is the only way to regain our spirit and control over our lives.
I was so honored to be in Oslo to watch Malala be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. To see a Young woman recognized with such an award made me realize that yes, I can make a difference, and I have to continue to fight for what I believe in – that all girls and boys can bring change to our world.
Almellehan is an education activist and student. (fonte: http://time.com/3822637/malala-yousafzi-2015-time-100/ acessado dia 03/11/15 17:44)
Malala está sendo referenciada no texto porque:
TIME 100 ICONS
Malala Yousafzai
By Mezon Almellehan
April 16, 2015
Champion of education
I’M 16 years old and from Dara’a in Syria. I fled to Jordan with my Family two years ago.
Spending time with Malala Yousafzai made me stronger. I didn’t know her before meeting her in Za’atari camp last year, but I understand she suffered, and yet continues to fight for what she believes in – for rights of children and for their education. She is an inspiration for me.
When it comes to continuing our education as refugees, I am on the front lines with my friends, speaking to other girls throughout the camp on the importance of going to school. My mother and father are always encouraging me. I saw this in Malala too, and her close relationship with her mother and father.
I’ve always loved learning and education, but since I fled with my Family, these views have grown stronger. I have seen too much wrong to not use my voice. Malala has shown that education is crucial for laying a foundation for girls and boys to have secure lives.
I know no matter what I go through today, it will make me a stronger person for tomorrow. Rather than giving up, my friends and I will continue to think positively and try to make our community better. Girls need to learn to take care of themselves, because if they don’t, nobody will. Our lives are completely diferente now – we’ve gone from living in homes to surviving in tents in refugees camps. Education is the only way to regain our spirit and control over our lives.
I was so honored to be in Oslo to watch Malala be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. To see a Young woman recognized with such an award made me realize that yes, I can make a difference, and I have to continue to fight for what I believe in – that all girls and boys can bring change to our world.
Almellehan is an education activist and student. (fonte: http://time.com/3822637/malala-yousafzi-2015-time-100/ acessado dia 03/11/15 17:44)
O vocábulo “meeting” ( grifado no texto) funciona na frase como:
INSTRUCTIONS - All the questions in this test are taken from the text below. Read it carefully and then choose the correct alternatives that answer the questions or complete the statements placed after it. The alternatives must be chosen in accordance with the content of the text.
Could a commonly prescribed antidepressant slow onset of Alzheimer's?
Thursday 15 May 2014 - 8am PST
New research from the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO, and the University of Pennsylvania finds that a commonly prescribed antidepressant may be effective at slowing onset of Alzheimer's disease.
The problems with memory and cognition caused by Alzheimer's are strongly influenced by a build-up of plaques in the brain. The plaques consist of amyloid beta - a protein that is produced as part of normal brain activity. Patients with Alzheimer's disease, however, have elevated levels of amyloid beta, which results in the protein clumping together as plaques.
A previous study by senior author John Cirrito, PhD, assistant professor of neurology at Washington University, suggested that the production of amyloid beta can be reduced by the chemical messenger serotonin.
Most antidepressants work by stimulating the flow of serotonin in the brain, which prompted Cirrito and first author Dr. Yvette Sheline to investigate antidepressants as a tool to control amyloid beta production.
As part of a 2011 study, they tested a range of antidepressants in mice genetically altered to develop Alzheimer's as they age. The mice in the trial were young and had not yet developed the brain plaques that characterize the disease. The researchers found that the antidepressants successfully reduced amyloid beta production in the mice by an average of 25% after 24 hours.
"Until we can more definitively prove that these drugs help slow or stop Alzheimer's in humans, the risks aren't worth it," says Cirrito.
In their new study - published in the journal Science Translational Medicine - the researchers administered the antidepressant citalopram to older mice who already had plaques in their brain. They then tracked the growth of plaques in the mice for 28 days using a technique called "two-photon imaging."
They found that citalopram halted the growth of the existing plaques, while formation of new plaques was reduced by 78%.
In a second phase of the experiment, 23 human subjects between the ages of 18 and 50 received a single dose of citalopram. The participants were not cognitively impaired or depressed. Over the 24 hours following the administration of the citalopram, samples of spinal fluid were taken from the participants.
The spinal fluid samples showed that amyloid beta production had dropped in the human participants by 37%.
"Antidepressants appear to be significantly reducing amyloid beta production, and that's exciting," says Cirrito.
'There is still much more work to do'
"But while antidepressants generally are well tolerated," he continues, "they have risks and side effects. Until we can more definitively prove that these drugs help slow or stop Alzheimer's in humans, the risks aren't worth it. There is still much more work to do."
The next step for the team is to use mouse models again in an attempt to understand the molecular process that causes serotonin to halt the production of amyloid beta.
Dr. Sheline says the team also plans to study older adults who will be treated for 2 weeks with antidepressants.
"If we see a drop in levels of amyloid beta in their spinal fluid after 2 weeks," she explains, "then we will know that this beneficial reduction in amyloid beta is sustainable."
Last year, a study published in JAMA suggested that poor sleep quality may contribute to an increased build-up of amyloid beta plaques in the brains of older people. Meanwhile, a study published around the same time in the journal Neurology found an association between hardening of the arteries and the build-up of amyloid beta plaques in the brain.
Written by David McNamee http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/276838.php (Accessed May 16, 2014)
The text discusses the possibility of antidepressants
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